Gravity Currents from Instantaneous Sources Down a Slope

[[abstract]]Gravity currents from instantaneous sources down a slope were modeled with classic thermal theory, which has formed the basis for many subsequent studies. Considering entrainment of ambient fluid and conservation of total buoyancy, thermal theory predicted the height, length, and velocity of the gravity current head. In this study, the problem with direct numerical simulations was re-investigated, and the results compared with thermal theory. The predictions based on thermal theory are shown to be appropriate only for the acceleration phase, not for the entire gravity current motion. In particular, for the current head forms on a 10° slope produced from an instantaneous buoyancy source, the contained buoyancy in the head is approximately 58% of the total buoyancy at most and is not conserved during the motion as assumed in thermal theory. In the deceleration phase, the height and aspect ratio of the head and the buoyancy contained within it may all decrease with downslope distance. Thermal theory relies on the increase in the mass of the current head through entrainment as the major mechanism for deceleration and, therefore, tends to underpredict the front velocity in the deceleration phase.[[booktype]]紙

Prediction of Maximum Moment of Rectangular Tubes Subjected to Pure Bending

In the present paper, the collapse behaviors of rectangular tubes subjected to pure bending are investigated using the finite element method. Such bending collapse has been investigated extensively. These studies have revealed the existence of two types of collapse. The first type is a collapse due to buckling at the compression flange, and the second type is a collapse due to plastic yielding at the flanges. However, another type of collapse may exist. For a rectangular tube in which the web is wider than the flange, collapse due to buckling may occur at the compression web. Furthermore, an approximate prediction method is proposed for estimating the maximum bending moment of rectangular tubes in which web buckling is also taken into account. The validity of this method is verified through comparison with the numerical results obtained by FEM under various conditions

Electromagnetic radiation of baryons containing two heavy quarks

The two heavy quarks in a baryon which contains two heavy quarks and a light one, can constitute a scalar or axial vector diquark. We study electromagnetic radiations of such baryons, (i) \Xi_{(bc)_1} -> \Xi_{(bc)_0}+\gamma, (ii) \Xi_{(bc)_1}^* -> \Xi_{(bc)_0}+\gamma, (iii) \Xi_{(bc)_0}^{**}(1/2, l=1) -> \Xi_{(bc)_0}+\gamma, (iv) \Xi_{(bc)_0}^{**}(3/2, l=1) -> \Xi_{(bc)_0}+\gamma and (v) \Xi_{(bc)_0}^{**}(3/2, l=2) -> \Xi_{(bc)_0}+\gamma, where \Xi_{(bc)_{0(1)}}, \Xi^*_{(bc)_1} are S-wave bound states of a heavy scalar or axial vector diquark and a light quark, and \Xi_{(bc)_0}^{**}(l is bigger than 1) are P- or D-wave bound states of a heavy scalar diquark and a light quark. Analysis indicates that these processes can be attributed into two categories and the physical mechanisms which are responsible for them are completely distinct. Measurements can provide a good judgment for the diquark structure and better understanding of the physical picture.Comment: 15 pages, Late

Collapse Load for Thin-Walled Rectangular Tubes

In this chapter, thin-walled rectangular tubes under pure bending are considered, by performing a series of FEM numerical studies. In the simulation, a homogeneous and isotropic elastic perfectly plastic material was employed for the tube material. A commonly used method for predicting the collapse load of rectangular tubes subjected to pure bending was proposed by Kecman. Kecman’s method focuses on a slenderness of the flange. When buckling occurs in the flange, this method uses a collapse load corresponding to the post buckling strength of the flange. When buckling does not occur at the flange, this method used a relation of the flange slenderness to the cross-sectional fully plastic yielding. This method for predicting the collapse loads is effective when the aspect ratio of web to flange is not large. However, for large aspect ratios, there is a large discrepancy between the values of maximum moment corresponding to the collapse loads obtained from this method and the FEM numerical results due to an effect of web slenderness. A new method is proposed to predict the maximum moment considering the effect of web slenderness. The validity of the collapse load estimation is checked by the results of FEM numerical simulation